8. The basis for preparation of the financial statements

Consolidated financial statements of the PKO Bank Polski S.A. Group cover the year ended 31 December 2022 and include comparative data for the year ended 31 December 2021. The financial data is presented in millions of Polish zlotys (PLN), unless otherwise indicated.

These financial statements have been prepared on a fair value basis in respect of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss, including derivatives and financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. The remaining financial assets are recognized by the Group at amortized cost less allowances for expected credit losses. Other financial liabilities are recognized by the Group at amortized cost. Non- current assets are measured at acquisition cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Fixed assets or groups of assets classified as held for sale are recognized by the Group at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs of disposal.

When preparing the financial statements, the Group makes estimates and adopts assumptions which directly affect both the financial statements and the supplementary information included therein. The estimates and assumptions applied by the Capital Group to report the value of assets and liabilities, as well as income and expenses are made using historical data and other factors that are available and considered appropriate in particular circumstances. Assumptions regarding the future and the available data are used for assessing the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities which cannot be clearly determined using other sources. In making estimates, the Group takes into consideration the reasons and sources of the uncertainties that are anticipated at the end of the reporting period. Actual results may differ from estimates.

Estimates and assumptions made by the Group are subject to periodic reviews. Changes in estimates are recognized in the period to which they relate.

Major accounting policies and estimates and judgments applied in the preparation of these financial statements are presented in this Chapter and in individual notes further in the financial statements.

In all years presented, these accounting policies are applied consistently, with the exception of issues described in the note “Changes in the accounting policies applicable from 1 January 2022 and explanation of the differences between previously published financial statements and these financial statements”.